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Gastroenterology is a branch of medicine that involves the normal function as well as diseases of the entire digestive system that include the oesophagus, stomach, gallbladder, pancreas, liver, bile ducts, small intestine, large intestine (colon) and rectum. A gastroenterologist, a doctor specializing in this field, has detailed knowledge and understanding of the normal physiology of the aforementioned organs as well as the proper motility of the gastrointestinal tract. In addition, he must also be able to advise patients about the importance of maintaining healthy digestion and metabolism, absorption function of nutrients from food and the prompt removal of metabolic waste.

Heartburn is a burning pain in your chest, just behind your breastbone. The pain is often worse after eating, in the evening, or when lying down or bending over. Occasional heartburn is common and no cause for alarm. Most people can manage the discomfort of heartburn on their own with lifestyle changes and over-the-counter medications. Heartburn that is more frequent or interferes with your daily routine may be a symptom of a more serious condition that requires medical care.

The food we eat goes into our stomach through the oesophagus. The gastric glands in your stomach create acid, which is necessary to digest the food. When the gastric glands create more acid than needed for the digestion process, you tend to feel a burning sensation below the breastbone. This condition is commonly called acidity. Acidity, also called acid reflux, is a condition that is characterized by heartburn that is felt around the lower chest area. It is a common condition that occurs when stomach acid flows back up into the food pipe. The most common acid reflux symptom is a burning sensation in the chest and pain. While most people suffer in pain, they do not realize that poor lifestyle choices are the main reason behind acidity.

A fistula is an abnormal connection or passageway that connects two organs or vessels that do not usually connect. They can develop anywhere between the intestine and the skin, between the vagina and the rectum, and other places. The most common location for a fistula is around the anus.

Proctology is a medical subspecialty that encompasses diseases of the perianal region, anal canal, and rectum. Dermatologists play a pivotal role in this realm, as inflammatory perianal disorders, infectious and sexually transmitted diseases, as well as perianal tumors and their precursor lesions fall within the core competency of dermatology. In a concise manner, the present article highlights all relevant disease groups in the field of proctology. With a particular focus on aspects pertinent to dermatologists, this includes inflammatory disorders, “classic” proctologic diseases, sexually transmitted diseases, malignancies of the anal region, as well as pathogen-induced diseases. Despite the wide variety of disorders, there are only five key symptoms prompting patients to consult a proctologist, including anal pruritus and burning, discharge, bleeding, pain, and foreign body sensation. A simple algorithm, which incorporates these symptoms as well as key clinical features, may assist in quickly establishing the correct diagnosis in everyday clinical practice.

Laser proctology is the surgical treatment of diseases of the colon, rectum, and anus using a laser. Common conditions treated with laser proctology include hemorrhoids, fissures, fistula, pilonidal sinus, and polyps. The technique is increasingly being used to treat piles in both women and men.
Laser (Light Amplification by Stimulated Radiation) is a light beam of high energy. This light beam is used to burn or cut the abnormality, which was the reason for the surgery. Present, laser techniques are very advanced and much safer; they leave no scars, are bloodless and less painful. They also cause lesser complications.